In a society where physical appearance is often linked to self-worth, success and perceived approval from peers, body image issues have started running rampant, with no social, gender or age group exempt from its impact. This has ultimately led to an increase in disordered eating habits and exercise regimens.
While much attention is given to conditions like anorexia and bulimia, there is another, less-discussed disorder known as bigorexia, or muscle dysmorphia, that causes just as much mental distress and physical harm.
What is bigorexia?
Bigorexia, also referred to as muscle dysmorphia, is a psychological disorder characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with not being sufficiently muscular or lean. Despite often possessing above-average muscle mass, individuals with bigorexia perceive themselves as small or weak. This distorted body image leads to excessive behaviors aimed at achieving a more muscular physique, such as extensive weightlifting, strict dieting and sometimes even the use of supplements or steroids.
According to the National Alliance for Eating Disorders, “There is debate in the medical community about whether bigorexia is a body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) or if it should be considered an eating disorder. Body dysmorphic disorders are characterized by an obsession with real or perceived physical flaws and a preoccupation with changing that part of the body. Eating disorders are conditions that affect one’s relationship with food and eating. Traits from both disorders are found in the behaviors of those experiencing bigorexia, so it can be challenging to understand how to formally categorize this condition. Regardless, muscle dysmorphia…is a real and serious problem that can have major impacts on a person’s health and well-being.”
What causes bigorexia?
The exact causes of bigorexia are variable and unique based on each person’s personal history, genetics, mental health state, and even social influences. On a genetic level, individuals with a family history of body dysmorphic disorders may be more predisposed to developing bigorexia, or those who have a family member with an eating disorder may face their own struggles because of the environment in which they were raised.
Psychologically, low self-esteem, perfectionism
and anxiety can also contribute to the disorder. What is ingested via social media, such as portrayals of the ideal male body and societal pressures to conform to certain physical standards, further exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and fuel the desire for a more muscular and toned body.
Additionally, the participation in certain athletics, including bodybuilding, weightlifting and others focused on specific body image, can cause habits that ultimately lead to the development of unhealthy eating behaviors and exercise habits.
Who is affected by bigorexia?
While bigorexia can affect anyone, it is most commonly observed in men, particularly those who engage in bodybuilding or strength training. The reason it is seen more commonly in men than women may be attributed to the expectation in society that appearing highly muscular is a key component of masculinity.
However, it is essential to recognize that bigorexia is not exclusive to men; women and non-binary individuals can also experience this disorder, though they may face different societal pressures regarding body image.
What are common signs of bigorexia?
Identifying bigorexia can be challenging, as the behaviors associated with the disorder may initially resemble a healthy interest in fitness. However, certain signs do distinguish bigorexia from a healthy fitness regimen.
1. Excessive focus on their body image
Individuals with bigorexia spend an inordinate amount of time thinking about their appearance and scrutinizing their bodies in mirrors.
2. Compulsive exercise
Those affected by bigorexia often engage in excessive exercise routines, prioritizing workouts over other important aspects of life, such as relationships, work or leisure activities. If they miss a workout or cannot control their food choices (such as at an event), they may feel extreme anxiety or stress.
3. Strict dietary regimens
Adhering to rigid and often extreme dietary plans is another sign of bigorexia. Individuals might consume large quantities of protein while avoiding fats and carbohydrates, aiming to maximize muscle gain and minimize body fat; they may adhere to diet trends that aren’t actually good for their bodies and nutrition.
4. Using/misusing supplements and steroids
In pursuit of their ideal physique, some individuals resort to anabolic steroids or other supplements, despite the potential health risks associated with their use. This behavior often stems from the belief that they cannot achieve their desired body through natural means alone.
5. Social withdrawal
As the disorder progresses, some may become increasingly isolated, avoiding social situations or activities that interfere with their strict fitness and dietary regimen, make them feel threatened or are in other ways triggering. This withdrawal can lead to strained relationships and a diminished quality of life, as well as poor mental health.
6. Distress about body image
Despite significant muscle development, individuals with bigorexia often experience intense dissatisfaction with their bodies. They may frequently compare themselves to others and feel inadequate, regardless of their actual physical appearance, or believe themselves to be much skinnier/weaker than they actually are in reality.
Recovery for bigorexia
Bigorexia is a serious and often misunderstood disorder that can have profound effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. Understanding its causes, identifying who it affects and recognizing the signs of the disorder are crucial steps in addressing the condition. It is essential for those struggling with bigorexia to seek professional help from mental health professionals who can provide therapy and support tailored to their needs.
To get started on your mental health journey, reach out to Seeds of Hope by calling (610) 268-9245 or fill out an online contact form today.
