In a society that expects everyone to exist in a gender binary, those who find themselves identifying outside of this standard do, undoubtedly, feel confused with and disconnected from their own skin. Those who struggle with gender dysphoria often also suffer from body dysmorphia.
But what are those two topics? And how can we help those who feel lost in their own bodies?
We’re glad you asked.
What is gender dysphoria and body dysmorphia?
Gender dysphoria and body dysmorphia are two topics that many have questions on regarding their connection, as well as their causes and effects on individuals. While they share certain similarities in terms of mental stress in regards to one’s perception of their body, they are distinct conditions with unique characteristics.
Gender dysphoria is characterized by a deep disconnect between one’s experienced or expressed gender and the gender assigned at birth. This disconnect can lead to significant emotional distress, anxiety and a strong desire to transition to or present as the gender with which one identifies.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), on the other hand, is defined by an obsessive preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in one’s appearance, which may be minor or entirely unobservable to others. Individuals with BDD often engage in repetitive behaviors, such as excessive grooming or seeking reassurance, which can significantly impair their daily functioning and quality of life.
While gender dysphoria and body dysmorphia are distinct conditions, they share a common thread of dissatisfaction with one’s body. Some individuals with gender dysphoria may exhibit symptoms of body dysmorphia, particularly concerning features associated with their biological sex that they wish to alter. However, it is essential to recognize that not all individuals with gender dysphoria experience body dysmorphia, and vice versa.
Research suggests that the co-occurrence of these conditions may be attributed to overlapping psychological factors, such as heightened sensitivity to body image and societal pressures regarding gender norms and beauty standards. This can deepen feelings of inadequacy and trigger the development or intensification of both conditions.
What causes them?
The causes of gender dysphoria and body dysmorphia include a combination of many varying factors that may be present in an individual’s personal history.
Hormones and genetics
Studies suggest that atypical hormone levels or brain structures may play a role in the development of gender dysphoria. Additionally, genetic predispositions and neurobiological variations might contribute to body dysmorphia.
Research indicates that individuals with a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorder or anxiety disorders may be more susceptible to developing BDD.
Trauma
Psychological theories propose that early childhood experiences, such as trauma, neglect or exposure to rigid gender roles, can influence the development of gender dysphoria. For body dysmorphia, low self-esteem, perfectionism and a history of teasing or bullying about appearance can further predispose one to this suffering.
Cultural influences
Societal expectations and cultural norms significantly impact both gender dysphoria and body dysmorphia. Media portrayals of idealized bodies and gender roles can reduce one’s sense of adequacy and satisfaction, particularly among those already vulnerable to these conditions.
Social support, or the lack thereof, also plays a crucial role in either helping or harming the distress associated with these disorders.
What are the effects on non-binary and transgender individuals?
Body dysmorphia can uniquely affect non-binary and transgender individuals as a result of their potentially negative experiences of gender identity and body.
Poor body image
Non-binary and transgender individuals may experience intensified body image concerns, as the
norms of our society often demand strict gender binaries and do not accept or encourage diverse gender identities. This can worsen feelings of body dysmorphia, particularly if individuals feel that hair body type does not align with their gender identity.
Body dissatisfaction
For transgender individuals, body dysmorphia can overlap with gender dysphoria, where dissatisfaction with specific body parts is not only about perceived flaws, but also about their alignment with gender identity. This dissatisfaction and feeling misaligned can increase stress and complicate the path to self-acceptance.
Suffering mental health
The co-occurrence of body dysmorphia and gender dysphoria can lead to increased levels of anxiety, depression and other mental health issues. The pressure to conform to societal expectations or to achieve a particular body aesthetic can intensify these mental health challenges.
Feeling out of place in one’s skin
For transgender individuals seeking medical transition, body dysmorphia can influence their perceptions and decisions regarding surgeries or hormone treatments. Concerns about achieving the “perfect” body can lead to heightened anxiety and unrealistic expectations about the outcomes of medical interventions.
How widespread are these effects?
Research on body dysmorphia specifically within non-binary and transgender populations is still developing, and statistics can vary. However, some studies and surveys provide insights. For example, a study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine highlighted that body dysmorphic disorder is more prevalent among transgender individuals compared to the general population. Estimates suggest that approximately 15-20% of transgender people may experience symptoms of BDD, compared to about 2% in the general population.
Non-binary and transgender individuals with body dysmorphia often report higher levels of psychological distress. According to surveys, these individuals are more likely to experience anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation, underscoring the need for targeted mental health support.
What are the treatments for BDD and gender dysphoria in this community?
Treating body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and gender dysphoria in transgender and nonbinary individuals requires a comprehensive and personalized approach, given the unique challenges and experiences these individuals face. The goal of treatment is to address both the distress related to body image and the disconnect between one’s gender identity and physical appearance.
Here are some effective treatment strategies:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT);
- Gender-affirming therapies such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or gender-affirming surgeries, and comprehensive, gender-affirming care;
- Supportive therapy to offer a safe space for individuals to explore gender identity, cope with stress and increase resilience;
- Peer support groups;
- Practices such as mindfulness, meditation, and yoga to help manage stress and anxiety, improve body awareness and cultivate a more positive relationship with one’s body;
- Educating family members and the community about transgender and nonbinary experiences;
- Incorporating holistic approaches to help with relaxation and overall emotional balance.
Do you need supportive care?
If you are struggling with BDD as a result of gender dysphoria, Seeds of Hope is here to help. Reach out anytime.
